Bifurcated gluteal cleft. Rarely, they can be indicative of underlying spinal defects. Bifurcated gluteal cleft

 
 Rarely, they can be indicative of underlying spinal defectsBifurcated gluteal cleft 4

The rib cage in turn provides protection for the heart and lungs. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M76. This can be avoided with the correct management. Surgical management is potentially curative with limited efficacy data. A new paradigm suggests that a procedure to change the shape of the gluteal cleft will improve results. Several sites can be affected including the axillae, under the breasts, umbilicus, groins, gluteal cleft (between the buttocks), around the anus, penis / scrotum and the vulva. Psoriasis can also affect other genital tissue, including the penis, vulva. 2 months at imaging were included in the study. Body habitus may contribute to additional intertriginous sites, such as inframammary skin and. Fourteen (21%) of the 67 patients had an abnormal spinal ultrasound; 5 of the 14 infants underwent a lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. The minimally invasive. It is designed by a fashion designer named Kimberly brewer. Morphology. A dimple above the gluteal crease (the crease in the buttocks) Long hair (longer than 1 inch) growing on the back over the spine. ), and the gluteal cleft is normal. Anatomy atlas of the female pelvis: 101 labeled illustrations of the female genital system (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, clitoris) and pelvic cavity (bladder, rectum, pelvic diaphragm, perineum with innervation and blood supply)Complications of surgical and medical care, not elsewhere classified T80-T88. My boyfriend has an ulcer (looks like a bedsore) along one. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of S31. Block, MD, FAAP, is Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Louisville, and University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; President, Kentucky Pediatric and. ICD-10-CM Q18. sobs1962 •. It can vary significantly from one person to another. The second reason is dead skin can accumulate in this area, which is hard to get rid of by yourself. If too much fat it can be repaired by liposuction and fat transfer to the gluteal dimple. The authors gathered clinical illustrations of gluteal cleft wounds and conducted a literature search as a basis for presentation to conference attendees, with the goal of gaining consensus. Pediatr Rev. supplies: 1. within the gluteal cleft, has a diameter less than 5 mm, and is less than 2. 7 may differ. 9). Q18. gluteal cleft and buttock wounds and chose the primary etiology for each wound. Structure and Function. The most common cutaneous manifestations were duplicated or bifurcated (46%) gluteal folds and gluteal asymmetry (16%). Children with sacral agenesis have characteristically flattened buttocks with a shallow gluteal cleft, a palpably absent coccyx, and distal leg wasting described as an “inverted champagne bottle” appearance . Gluteal cleft shield is a cover which is used to avoid problems related to gluteal cleft. The information contained in this handout should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. Tinea. Based on your photo, it looks like it could be improved with surgery. ICD-10-CM Range T36-T50. 8 may differ. It tends to happen in areas with skin folds. Symptoms of an infected pilonidal cyst include: A pit near the top of the buttocks crease. The area you are referring to is often called the gluteal cleft. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the spectrum of solitary gluteal lesions in children. Cleft Palate A cleft palate is a birth defect characterized by an opening in the roof of the mouth, caused by a lack of tissue development. A person with a pilonidal cyst may experience swelling, pain, and skin discoloration in the affected. Choices for etiologic factors were pressure, moisture, incontinence-associated dermatitisThe gluteal region is located at the back of the body, representing the transition point between the trunk and the lower limbs. The primary intertriginous skin areas include the groin folds, axillae, and gluteal cleft. 6 - other international versions of ICD-10 Q82. 3 Loose hairs trapped in the natal cleft traumatize and penetrate the skin, creating a foreign body reaction that may ultimately lead to formation of midline pits and, in some cases, secondary infection. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM S31. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Q82. The vertical line starts from sacrum to the perineum. The most common lumbosacral cutaneous manifestations were bifurcated/duplicated gluteal folds (33%), gluteal asymmetry (19%), and sacral dimples. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Q35. Constipation or stool accidents. 1 These cystic collections are usually seen in men between the ages of 16 and 24. 829A became effective on October 1, 2023. Now I’m freaking myself out because everything you see on google says tethered spinal cord. Grasp the folded edge of the main drape and the bottom edge of the hand towel or. It turned out to be squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer that is generally not lethal but is always caused by the sun. Children with this condition often experience speech problems and difficulties breast or bottle feeding as infants. (170 g) 12 Triad applied directly to the wound Triad impregnated into gauze Facilitating autolytic debridement 1. 6 days). 9 - other international versions of ICD-10 P13. z. 4. The average Roman aristocrat consumed up to 250μg of lead daily. and gluteal areas [1, 2]. Like cleft palate, bifid uvula is a congenital condition (birth defect). 8Acquired gluteal fibrosis (GF) is a clinical condition characterized by contracture of the gluteal muscles including, in varying degrees, the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus 1-47. The gluteal muscles can be divided into 2 groups that are responsible for the main movements of the hip joint Hip joint The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis. 061 - other international versions of ICD-10 M21. Q18. Sacral dimples are very common—they’re present in 2-4% of newborns overall! Almost all neurosurgical referrals for suspected OSD in children <1yo are for evaluation of a dimple. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of S31. 819A - other international versions of ICD-10. 7% in the general population, more commonly affecting males (male to female ratio: 4:1) between the ages of 15 and 38 years [1-4]. A bifurcated gluteal cleft or bifurcated gluteal fold certainly can be a concern, it puts the child at risk for what’s called tethered cord syndrome. It is the deep furrow or groove that lies between the two gluteal regions (commonly known as the buttocks). Remove the tibia and fibula. Healthcare providers may refer to branchial cleft cysts as pharyngeal cleft cysts or as a type of neck mass. Twenty-seven patients had a low-lying spinal cord, and only one patient was suspected of having a tethered cord. 2011 Mar;32 (3):109-13. Figure 3. Senile gluteal dermatosis (SGD) is a condition of the elderly where hyperkeratotic, lichenified skin lesions occur around the gluteal cleft and over the ischial tuberosities on the lower buttocks. Normally, the thoracic spine, being one of the primary curves, exhibits a mild kyphosis (posterior curvature); the cervical and lumbar sections. Samir Shureih MD. 0 may differ. The gluteal region comprises of superficial and deep muscle groups. 061 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 8 became effective on October 1, 2023. He presented with a verrucous wart-like midline mass on the superior gluteal cleft that had grown since his last resection. In light of the nonresolving extra-axial mass and thick taut lipomatous. 6 months old. If the base could not be seen, this would be called a coccygeal pit. The lower part of posterior compartment of thigh was the most common (47. 2 In 2004, there were 2604 cases of pilonidal cysts reported in U. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Q36. If the base could not be seen, this would be called a coccygeal pit. The internet is a wonderful resourceE. You the reader assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it. When an infant is born with skin lesions or abnormalities of the lower back or gluteal cleft, the possibility of an association with spinal malformations, such as tethered cord syndrome, often prompts pediatricians to recommend spinal imaging. Disclaimer: This health information is for educational purposes only. The term pilonidal cyst comes from the Latin words, “pilus” (hair) and “nidus” (nest). These are the two fleshy fatty prominences formed by the gluteus maximus muscles. Lesions in the flexures are usually symmetrical, very shiny, red and well-demarcated. A pilonidal cyst is a small, fluid-filled pocket that forms just above the cleft of the buttocks. It is also called butt crack or ass crack. Researchers in Israel prospectively examined the role of ultrasound (US) in 254 infants younger than 6. A cleft lip is a birth defect that results in a unilateral or bilateral opening in the upper lip between the mouth and the nose. However, the vertebral defects may occur in association with other more severe anomalies of the spinal cord and sacral structures, such as split spinal cord malformation or various cavitary defects of the spinal cord. 39 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 757. Pathologic entities in the gluteal region reflect the diversity of tissue types present. In cases of isolated bifid uvula, and in cases of submucous cleft palate without hypernasality, no surgical intervention is needed. Typically, pilonidal cysts occur after puberty. The most common neural tube defects include anencephaly, which affects brain and skull development and is incompatible with. Applicable To. Download scientific diagram | Bifurcated gluteal fold. 0): 154 Other ear, nose, mouth and throat diagnoses with mcc. 5. Methods: Retrospective review of outcomes of 590 consecutive surgically treated patients. M21. A layer of fat lies on the fascia of the gluteus medius; this layer’s form is responsible for the size and shape of the gluteal region’s sides and top (Figs. Depending on the type of your infection. Skin lesions and Associations (duplicate gluteal cleft, asymmetrical intergluteal crease, skin tag, tail. Branchial cleft cysts appear at any age, but children. The. Pilonidal disease is a potentially debilitating condition affecting ~70,000 patients annually in the United States alone. D ISCUSSION. 2 is considered exempt from POA reporting. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of M21. 34 may differ. Feb 4, 2023 at 3:55 PM. Infection may spread to the perineum and perianal areas, into the gluteal cleft, or onto the buttocks. Usually what we'll see is a cluster of cysts. Hair can then enter the abscess cavity and provoke a foreign body tissue reaction. 819A is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 1; Causes and Risk Factors. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Q82. These anomalies occur in 4% of newborns 1 with fewer than half prompting medical concern. Included in these groups were several variations. Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a progressive, recurrent inflammatory disease. Use Additional. For many, a split bum crack (also known as intergluteal cleft) can be both painful and embarrassing. Sacral epidermal anomalies include dimples, tracts, lipomas, hemangiomas, and tufts of hair and may be associated with a neural tube defect, such as spina bifida. They are caused by interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and are prevented with folate supplementation. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Q82. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Q36. code for adverse effect, if applicable, to identify drug ( T36-T50. Nine patients had 2 LsCMs suggestive of OSD; specifically, gluteal asymmetry and a coccygeal pit (2 infants); lumbar hair and coc-Intertriginous skin, also known as skin folds, are sites in which opposing skin surfaces come into contact while at rest, resulting in chronic skin occlusion. 16. SGD presents in. Some healthcare providers call a bifid uvula a “cleft uvula. I never thought to bring it up to the doctor until recently when my mom said it’s not normal. It. Typically, the neural tube forms early in pregnancy and it closes by. It's a type of neural tube defect. The skin in my gluteal cleft ( right at top of bum crack) keeps splitting, off and on for the last 18 months and it's very painful. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10-CM code (or codes). You can get a swollen uvula from infections including the flu, mononucleosis, croup, and strep throat. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code S30. “High-risk” dimples are defined as those that are (1) deep; (2) larger than 0. Numerous technical differences in how gluteal augmentation surgery with implants is performed also exist, and to date,. Deep natal cleft is an important factor in the pathogenesis of pilonidal sinus disease [ 14 ]. Medially, an intergluteal cleft separates the two buttocks from each other, while laterally they are bounded by the hip regions. No other skin changes are seen. Disclaimer: This health information is for educational purposes only. This muscle group consists of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae. I discovered a hard, painfu massl on my gluteal cleft area. Buttocks. The gluteal muscles are the most superficial group of the posterior hip and thigh muscles. Physical examination revealed a 6-cm hypopigmented fungating mass on the left gluteal cleft just external to the anal verge; there were no other abnormal findings. Physical therapy exercises can help, although some people need other interventions. 9 cm cystic lesion at the superior aspect of the right gluteal cleft without signs of spinal canal dysraphism or a tract to the thecal sac (Fig. Urinary and bowel dysfunction are nearly universal. It is a visible border. Fig. Introduction. Distinctive skin lesions of SGD are brownish scaly plaques on the gluteal cleft and both sides of the buttocks assuming a pattern of “three corners of triangle” (Fig. [ Wu, 2020; Wilson, 2016; McGovern, 2013; Zywicke, 2011] Not all dimples are associated with underlying neural tube defect! Solitary, midline pits located entirely within the gluteal cleft rarely have clinical significance. A crooked crease between the buttocks. If you are considering a surgery, I would suggest you to consult a board-certified plastic surgeon. The anterior part of the soft palate is not visible but the uvula can be demonstrated. Twenty-seven patients had a low-lying spinal cord, and only one patient was suspected of having a tethered cord. 821A is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v 41. It is the deep furrow or groove that lies. Abnormal signal intensity within skeletal muscle is frequently encountered at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A sacral dimple is an indentation or pit in the skin on the lower back that is present at birth in some babies. Laceration of left buttock; Left buttock laceration; Stab wound of left buttock; ICD-10-CM S31. Messages 1,130 Location Hibbing, MN Best answers 0. Should I be worried?INTRODUCTION. The literature reports median tongue clefts only to be associated with orofacial digital syndromes type I, II, IV and VI. 4 When the skin is moist, it is. Pilonidal cysts and sinuses are a spectrum of pilonidal disease conditions that occur between the buttocks (gluteal crease or cleft) near the tailbone in the lower back. Other perianal infectionsWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 5cm · >5mm diameter · Not midline in location · Base not visible (Schenk, 2006) Return to Referral and Diagnosis Return to Surgery and Follow-up Simple Sacral Intragluteal Dimple Dimple within a symmetric gluteal crease AND less than 5 m i nd a etrWITH h sc u abno m l it es A soc ia t. 578 The jouRnal of family pRacTice | SepTemBeR 2015 | Vol 64, no 9 Photo RoUNDS diculopathy, hyperesthesia) reinforce the hy-pothesis that genital herpes can infect ganglia that are also associated with sacral nerves. These cysts are congenital, meaning they’re present at birth. The gluteal cleft shield is directly applied on the skin and fixes itself above the waistband. buttocks The intergluteal cleft or just gluteal cleft, also known by a number of synonyms, including natal cleft, butt crack, and cluneal cleft, is the groove between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum, so named because it forms the visible border between the external rounded protrusions of the. I never thought to bring it up to the doctor until recently when my mom said it’s not normal. 0):. While the exact mechanism of how it occurs is not fully understood, an infection occurs at the base of the hair follicle at the base of the back and can track to areas in the skin and create an abscess. Figure 1. Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease that manifests most commonly as well-circumscribed, erythematous papules and plaques covered with silvery scales. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of P13. Should I be worried?Gluteal Region is the back and side of lateral half of pelvic region. Background Pilonidal disease classically presents as an abscess or soft tissue swelling which classically occurs in the intergluteal cleft, just above the anus. Tinea is another name for ringworm, and cruris means groin. a. Butt psoriasis causes itching, cracking, scaly, and bleeding skin on your buttocks, gluteal cleft ("crack") anus, and pubic area. Deviated gluteal creases varied in appearance from S-shaped to mostly straight with a superior angulation. ” That’s because it’s the mildest form of cleft palate — a condition in which your baby’s palate (roof of their mouth) has a. split in 2 distinct components with one dorsally and one inferiorly going between a bifurcated sciatic. CONCLUSION. . Even a common cold can cause your uvula to swell. cl ose to or within the natal cleft. 16 min. The patient’s. Referred pain is often felt over the sacrum. Pressure injuries, however, are ischemic injuries to the skin and underlying soft tissue that can result in full-thickness tissue damage. Stan L. track my baby. Perineum. Attempted resection of a bicornuate uterus "septum". The patient is intubated on a sterile draw. @lblake907, in some cases it’s a sacral dimple and can be a sign of spina bifida occulta, but if the spine is closed then it can be (in very rare occurrences) a sign of a tethered cord. zoemcr. difficult-to-dress wounds with light-to-moderate exudate such as those near the gluteal cleft. It separates the two glutes (and the buttocks) from each other and extends downwards from the third or the fourth sacral spine, deepening as it goes inferiorly. Oct 16, 2008 #3 Here, this link may help you. Branchial cleft cysts are small fluid-filled sacs that may look like lumps under your skin on the side of your neck. Of the 4 Hispanic whites, perianal nevi were detected in 50. Pilonidal cysts tend to occur on a person’s lower back, just above the cleft of the buttocks. Results: The most common lumbosacral cutaneous manifestations were bifurcated/duplicated gluteal folds (33%), gluteal asymmetry (19%), and sacral dimples. But if it's infected, the skin around the cyst may be swollen and painful. Complete 10 to 15 reps. In very mild cases, such as isolated. 6 days). Gluteal tendinopathy is a type of tendon disorder in your hips and buttocks area (gluteal region). The _______ and ___________ are considered part of both the pelvis and the vertebral column. It most commonly affects males aged 16-30 years. hospitals. Design Before-and-after trial. 7 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Often during early embryology midline structures have not get formed but I rather from the left and right sides coming together. 9 may differ. Surgery now has methods that produce early healing, low recurrence rates. Outlook. Describe the difference between male and female pelvis. A bifid uvula may be an isolated finding or it may be related to submucous cleft palate. 34 became effective on October 1, 2023. Jock itch causes an itchy, stinging, burning rash on the skin around your groin, inner thighs and butt crack (gluteal cleft). A dorsal view of die same infant shows the asymmetric gluteal folds and odier skin folds. After injecting with 0. ICD-10-CM Coding Rules. Atypical dimples may be located higher up on the back or off to the side. The patient has an unusual sacral crease and sacral dimple. Pilonidal Cyst. 8 - other international versions of ICD-10 Q82. This study included 230 infants under 6-months-old (130 males and 100 females; mean age 52. The buttocks can be the most susceptible place boils for two reasons. Shaving along the intergluteal fold and surrounding region can be used as a first-choice treatment in cases without abscess or as a standard component of the post-operative treatment in order to prevent. Has anyone had any expierence with this ? Thanks x. The. k. 0%. 10. If too much fat it can be repaired by liposuction and fat transfer to the gluteal dimple. Pilonidal Disease Fact Sheet A Pilonidal (abscess, cyst, sinus, dimple) is an abscess in the natal cleft (more commonly referred to as your butt crack) that tends to become infected and cause intense pain and drainage. A bifurcated gluteal cleft or bifurcated gluteal fold certainly can be a concern, it puts the child at risk for what’s called tethered cord syndrome. Download the BabyCentre app Opens a new window. <2. 5 cm from the anus. It separates the two glutes (and the. 5 cm; (3) located within the superior portion of the gluteal crease or above (greater than 2. About 1 in every 1,700 babies is born with cleft palate in the United States. The distinctive anatomic and radiologic features are discussed. Usually asymptomatic; affects the head, neck, back, or. The gluteal muscles surround the hips and hold the pelvis in a precarious balance. The gluteal region consists of the muscles that form. Diaper Area, Buttocks, and Gluteal Cleft OVERVIEW The unique environment of the diaper area is predisposed to the friction of repeated movement, chafing, local heat, and maceration from retained moisture, all of which serve to provide an excellent environment for potential irritant, fungal, as well as bacterial complications. Grade of recommendation: 1C. Abstract. The gluteal cleft is never exposed. Topics: congenital abnormality , cysts , magnetic resonance imaging , salmon patch ,. Messages 2,335 Location ENGLEWOOD/DENVER Best answers 0. Open spinal dysraphism (spina bifida aperta) is characterized by a cleft in the spinal column, with herniation of the meninges (meningocele) or meninges and spinal. The cleft lift method is a modification of the Karydakis procedure , described by Bascom . Sacral dimples, also known as sacrococcygeal or. It is a visible border separating ass into two parts. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM M21. It goes laterally up to a virtual line converging the anterior superior iliac spine to the anterior edge of higher trochanter and Medially goes up to mid-dorsal line and natal cleft. sis-prone areas (eg, umbilicus, gluteal cleft, scalp, palms) and psoriatic nail changes (eg, pitting, distal on-ycholysis). Management of MASD or IAD. The patients whose HSV infection has “knife-cut” clinical lesions are immunosuppressed secondary to either an underlying medical condition or a systemic therapy or both. Pilonidal disease is a reaction to hair in the gluteal cleft, in which unattached hairs injure or pierce the skin, resulting in a foreign body reaction. Neural tube defects are a spectrum of disorders that can affect the brain or the spinal cord. Low-risk findings included “simple dimple,” defined as a soft tissue depression appearing up to 2. The remaining 24% arose from the inferior gluteal artery as a separate branch. Sacrum, coccyx. Yesterday I had. This persisted at 6-month follow up imaging. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Q82. The gluteal cleft is protected with Ioban dressing, and the sterile field is draped out from the lumbar spine to the distal thigh ∼2-3 cm above the knee. M67. Epidermoid cyst. In person evaluation is needed. It's usually just above the crease between the buttocks. MASD may not necessarily be found over common areas of pressure and is more likely to be seen in skin folds, the gluteal cleft, or perineal areas. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Q35. The crooked gluteal fold seems to be caused by more fat on one side than the other. 34 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 061 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The disorder causes the tendon tissue to break down or deteriorate. The gluteal cleft is the groove running between each buttock, from the base of the spine to the perineum, which is the area between the anus and genitals. Deep gluteal syndrome (DGS) is an underdiagnosed entity characterized by pain and/or dysesthesias in the buttock area, hip or posterior thigh and/or radicular pain due to a non-discogenic sciatic nerve entrapment in the subgluteal space. Dr. 4,16,18,19 A simple sacral dimple is located in the midline, within the gluteal cleft, has a diameter less than 5 mm, and is less than 2. Hey Ladies. Neural tube defects are a spectrum of disorders that can affect the brain or the spinal cord. Cutaneous branches to the buttock and the back of the. 155 Other ear, nose, mouth and throat diagnoses with cc. In the patient's gluteal cleft, about 3 cm away toward the coccyx, there was a perineal wound. A pilonidal cyst can be extremely painful especially when sitting. Other names are the anal cleft, crena analis, crena. Assessment of the thoracic spine involves examination of the part of the spine that is most rigid because of the associated rib cage. About 50% of patients with nail psoriasis complain of pain, stiffness or swelling of the interphalangeal joint in the absence of a diagnosis of arthropathy, which could suggest the early stage of PsA [ 7 ]. Pilonidal disease begins as loose body hairs get caught in these pores and find. gluteal cleft. It is currently hypothesized to be an acquired condition with local penetration of hair follicles and debris in stretched intergluteal pores. 3 years ago • 5 Replies. S31. A bifid uvula may be an isolated finding or it may be related to submucous cleft palate. Q82. - Answered by a verified Doctor We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. Cleft lip, bilateral. 31-year-old male with history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with complaints of pain and redness to the right inner buttock; vital signs were within normal limits. would some one with aortic aneursym repair, a mesh sleeve around a buldge, have difficulty with the full body scan. A total of 34 (24%) patients had an abnormal spinal ultrasound; 15 (44%) of these infants underwent a lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. A dimple above the gluteal crease (the crease in the buttocks) Long hair (longer than 1 inch) growing on the back over the spine. These tests may include: Ultrasound. A large towel can cover the adductors of the table-side leg. The patient was born at 40 weeks and 1 day of gestation to a 21-year-old gravida 2 now para 2 mother by vaginal delivery. 0±8. In other words, people are born with it. Conclusions: The prevalence of IAD fell within the range of prior epidemiologic studies, but the facility-acquired IAD incidence rates were higher than other studies based in the acute care setting. The affected areas were examined with a Wood's. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Despite its potential importance in anthropological [] or even forensic [3,5] studies, no detailed data on variation in the degree of spinous process bifurcation can be found in the published literature.